@InProceedings{SantosNeDuArGaEl:2004:TrFoBi,
               author = "Santos, Jo{\~a}o Roberto dos and Neeff, T. and Dutra, Luciano 
                         Vieira and Araujo, L. S. and Gama, Fabio Furlan and Elmiro, M. A. 
                         T.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and University 
                         of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Strabe 4, 79085 Freiburg Brsg. and 
                         Germany and UFMG-Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. 
                         Ant{\^o}nio Carlos, 6627, B.Horizonte",
                title = "Tropical Forest Biomass Mapping from Dual Frequency Sar 
                         Interferometry (X And P- Bands)",
                 year = "2004",
         organization = "ISPRS - International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote 
                         Sensing - Technical Commission 7.",
            publisher = "M. Orhan Altan",
             keywords = "Interferometer, SAR, Forestry, Land cover, Inventory, Mapping, 
                         Modelling.",
             abstract = "Radar sensors operating with different wavelengths and 
                         polarizations have been widely used for large-scale forest mapping 
                         and monitoring. The interferometric phase obtained by microwave 
                         sensors contains additional information on the three-dimensional 
                         structure of the scattering targets in the image. An experiment 
                         was performed in the Brazilian Amazon (Tapaj{\'o}s National 
                         Forest and surroundings) to provide airborne SAR data at X- and P- 
                         bands over tropical rain forest. In a first step of the presented 
                         research the regular radar backscatter results are joined with an 
                         interferometric height model to establish a statistical 
                         relationship to forest biomass (primary and secondary vegetation). 
                         Subsequently, that model is applied for generation of a thematic 
                         land cover map. Backscattering of P-band waves mainly occurs on 
                         the ground surface, and can be used for interferometric generation 
                         of a Digital Elevation Model. The X-band is reflected by dossel, 
                         and thus relates to the forest canopy in a Digital Surface Model. 
                         The difference between both models has been shown to represent 
                         height of vegetation. Care was taken in establishing statistical 
                         models that relate dendrometric parameters from forest types to 
                         both P-band backscatter and interferometric height. A best biomass 
                         model [biomass = 44.965 + 13.887 × h int + 10.556 × s°HH ] was 
                         established after comprehensive testing of a range of specific 
                         allometric equations to achieve statistically high precision in 
                         biomass prediction. A segmentation algorithm (hierarchical region 
                         growth) was applied to the remote sensing dataset to provide means 
                         for application of the biomass model to homogeneous landscape 
                         units with similar biophysical characteristics and site histories. 
                         A final mapping result displays forest biomass, and accounts for 
                         different successional stages and primary forest in intervals.",
  conference-location = "Istanbul, Turkey",
      conference-year = "12-23 July",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
            isbn/issn = "1682-1777",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "tropical forest biomass.pdf",
               volume = "35 part. b",
        urlaccessdate = "04 maio 2024"
}